Population dynamics of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) according to the phenology of Coffea arabica L. in equatorial conditions of North Sumatra

In the Toba Highlands of North Sumatra (Indonesia), coffee production (Coffea arabica L. var. Sigarar Utang) is an important outcome for smallholders; however, attack berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei, obstacle development cultivation in this area. This pest causes great economic losses produced by its offspring inside berries, making it difficult to control. concerning situation has led us consider a CBB control strategy, but beforehand, was necessary acquire key information on phenology tree and implication bioecology pest. Thus, two study designs were set up, one comprising six plots with different age classes other corresponding single plot dedicated only short distance dispersal CBB. Part focused trees showed that mainly takes place upper parts significantly decreases age. Due equatorial climate, berries practically always present. Berries following major flowering periods some minor ones distributed over year, harvested at regular intervals. Berry distribution branches varied time. Dynamics infestations ripe more infested than unripe because they had been exposed longer attacks, older younger infestation evenly along branches. addition, internode pedestrian CBBs shown occur, considerably less frequently airborne dispersal. conclusion, appears agro-climatic context region, virtual year-round presence - which fosters short-distance constraint must be taken into consideration designing future management measures. To end, will particular evaluate potential trapping used tropical areas put practice sanitation harvesting applied countries.